History of rice crop in the world
The rice crop
was firstly introduced in 10,000 years ago and for the trading and commerce
propose it was introduced in 6500 years ago. It was popular in china since 5500
years ago and in Thailand, it is approximately 4500 years ago. There are 20 wild
species of crop rice and second-largest cereals in the world. Geographically,
90% of the rice crop is grown in the west and south Asia
Distribution
of rice crop in the world
Asian distribution of rice
crop:
The rice crop
started from Assam in India and spread to China and spread to other Asian
countries such as Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and India,
Indonesia. This crop was introduced in the Middle East and Mediterranean Europe
near around 800 BC
African distribution
of rice crop:
The African rice
harvest began two thousand to three thousand four years ago and the first Asian
rice crop has been introduced in Portugal a fifteen hundred
years ago
Major types of rice crop
Today, the most popular type is Oryza, two of which are of great importance to humans and
agriculture.
Oryza glaberrima:
It is the most popular
African rice crop and less famous than Asian crops. It was originated
after the Asian crop
Oryza Sativa:
It is the most famous
Asian rice crop and its most famous variety are Indica. It is
planted in warm, tropical, and tropical areas.
Botanical
distribution for rice crop
Botanical name of
the paddy is Oryza Sative L. and belongs to the family of Poaceae (Graminaeae).
·
Monocotyledon
·
Self-pollinated
·
Fibrous
root
·
Annual
grass
·
Sami-aquatic
plant
·
Plant
about 1m tall
·
Some the wild crop is about 5m tall
·
Morphology
of rice crop
The root of the rice crop is fibrous in nature and has narrow leaves because it belongs to the
Grammineae family and the fruit body of crop is called a panicle
Economic
importance of rice crop
The high-energy in
the crop, the second largest in the world in terms of production and its
production is more than 600 million tons. It has a high carbohydrate content of
75 percent , protein 7.5% cellulose .8%, and ash 5.9%.The rice crop
has a large content of fiber, vitamin D, thiamin, niacin, and iron and it has
more starch and protein than all other crops
Geographical
distribution of rice crop
Rice crop Is the world
leading crop cultivated over an area of more than 155 million hectors with
production of more than 600 million tonnes
Climatic Requirements for rice crop
Rice is grown
under the widely varying conditions of altitude and climate. Rice crop
need hot and humid condition the average temperature required throughout the life period of crop ranges from 21 C to 37 C. the temperature required for
blooming is in range of 26.5 C to
29.5 and at the time of tilling the crop
requires high temperature than for
growth. at the time of ripening the temperature should be 20-25 C and photo
periodically it is a short-day plant
Soil Requirements for
rice crop
Soil having good
water retention capacity with a good amount of clay and organic matter are ideal
for rice crop cultivation. Clay or clay loams are the most
suitable rice cultivation such soils are capable of holding water for long and
sustain crop. The crop being semi-aquatic crop grows best under
submerged conditions. A major part of the rice crop is grown under
“lowland condition” it grows well in soil having a pH range between 5.5 and 6.5. Rice
crop can grow on alkali soil also, after treating them with gypsum or
pyrite
Cultivation of rice
crop
Nursery size:
Land required for the nursery to cultivate
the rice crop is approximately 800m2 for 1 hector near
water body
Seed rate:
The proper increase in the production of the rice
crop seed rate is essential, there are three types of seed rate depends
upon the concentration of seed per hector are as follows
·
for
long time seed rate is approximately 20kg per hector
·
for the medium time period, it is about 30 kg
·
for
short time period seed rate is approximate 40kg
·
for a hybrid, the plant is approximately 20 kg
As time
duration decreases more seed are required due to the death of the seed
Seed treatment for rice crop
Seed treatment is
essential for the production and protect from damage and disease during the
germination and till harvesting
·
Carbendazim
or pyrogcilline 2g/l for one kg seed
and stored for 40 days
·
Carbendazim
2g/l for one kg seed and rap up in a bag of jute for 12 to 24 hours
·
Pseudomonas
flouriscence 10g/ liter for one kg or Azosprillium and photobacterium with 6
packets in liter
Genes for better rice crop
Synthetic genes
are being created that don't occur in a single living entity on earth these
synthetic genes are new to our immune system and new to the ecosystem. why does
rice has 55,000 genes while human beings only have 22,000 the secret to life
is clearly not in the genes we just have sufficient knowledge to genetically
modify plants but we have too little knowledge to understand what is happening
exactly for staying in opposite and this whole technology will and has led to the vast reduction in pesticide usage and reports on the farm of an on-farm family
poisoning reduction so we know this is a technology that helps protect the crop but
also has additional benefits for the environment and for the farm family
Modern
Technology for rice crop
The Green
Revolution did not answer the need for more food in the growing population in the fact it devastated the rural economies in terms of producing food in a tiny
lentils it would make the soil more fertile and the new varieties would give
higher yields. Modern science can be used effectively for the development of
tools that that can benefit the poor a
number of approaches employing transgenic well genetic engineering began
probably in the mid-70s first with bacteria and then moving on to different
organisms yeast animal cells plant work really got going in a big way probably
by in the early 80s moving from model systems on into crops beginning in the mid-90s
we had large-scale commercial releases of transgenic crops to Kenda infinite
genetic engineering is changing the building blocks of life like no other
technology has ever done.
